Osteoarthritis (OA) is the most common form of arthritis and a leading cause of joint pain in adults over 50. This degenerative joint condition develops gradually as the protective cartilage that cushions the ends of bones begins to wear down. Without that smooth cartilage layer, bones rub against one another, leading to pain, stiffness, swelling, and reduced mobility.
Osteoarthritis Causes and Risk Factors
Osteoarthritis most frequently affects weight-bearing joints such as the knees and hips, but it can also occur in the shoulders, hands, and spine. Risk factors include aging, excess body weight, previous fractures or joint injuries, repetitive stress, and family history. While osteoarthritis is often associated with natural wear and tear, joint trauma and biomechanical stress can accelerate cartilage breakdown.
Symptoms of Osteoarthritis
Common osteoarthritis symptoms include joint pain during or after activity, morning stiffness, decreased range of motion, joint swelling, and a grinding or crackling sensation. Some patients experience flare-ups with increased activity, while others report nighttime discomfort. Early diagnosis and proactive management can help slow progression and improve quality of life.
Orthopedic Treatment Options for Osteoarthritis
Although there is no cure for osteoarthritis, orthopedic treatment focuses on reducing inflammation, preserving joint function, and relieving pain. Conservative treatment options may include anti-inflammatory medications, physical therapy, activity modification, weight management, and corticosteroid injections. For patients with advanced osteoarthritis that significantly impacts daily function, surgical options such as total joint replacement may provide long-term relief.
Maintaining joint health through regular low-impact exercise, strength training, and weight control plays an important role in managing osteoarthritis. If you are experiencing persistent joint pain in East Tennessee, the orthopedic specialists in Knoxville at Tennessee Orthopaedic Alliance can evaluate your symptoms and create a personalized treatment plan.
Frequently Asked Questions About Osteoarthritis
What causes osteoarthritis?
Osteoarthritis develops when joint cartilage gradually breaks down. Aging, previous injuries, repetitive stress, excess weight, and genetics can all contribute to cartilage degeneration.
Which joints are most affected by osteoarthritis?
Knees and hips are most commonly affected, but osteoarthritis can also occur in the hands, spine, shoulders, and ankles.
How is osteoarthritis diagnosed?
Diagnosis typically includes a physical examination, review of symptoms, and imaging such as X-rays to evaluate joint space narrowing or bone changes.
Can osteoarthritis be prevented?
While it cannot always be prevented, maintaining a healthy weight, staying active, strengthening surrounding muscles, and protecting joints from injury can reduce risk.
What are the best treatments for knee or hip osteoarthritis?
Treatment may include physical therapy, anti-inflammatory medications, joint injections, bracing, or activity modification. In severe cases, knee or hip replacement surgery may be recommended.
When should I see an orthopedic specialist for arthritis?
If joint pain persists, limits activity, interferes with sleep, or does not improve with rest and over-the-counter medication, evaluation by an orthopedic specialist is recommended.
